The case Lily Thomas Others vs Union of India Others was brought by Lily Thomas a lawyer and activist along with others to challenge how some people were misusing religious ... conversion to enter a second marriage without legally ending their first The respondents included the Union of India and individuals who had converted to Islam just to remarry avoiding the Hindu Marriage Act which does not allow bigamy The petitioners argued that these conversions weren t based on real faith but were simply a way to bypass the law This case raised important questions about women s rights religious freedom and legal accountability The Supreme Court had to decide whether converting to Islam could protect someone from bigamy charges under the Indian Penal Code IPC and whether such second marriages were legally valid